A\u015f\u0131lar, ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemini belirli enfeksiyon etkenlerine kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nceden haz\u0131rlayan biyolojik \u00fcr\u00fcnler olarak biliniyor. Vir\u00fcs, bakteri, parazit veya mantar gibi mikroorganizmalar\u0131n zay\u0131flat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ya da etkisizle\u015ftirilmi\u015f par\u00e7alar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren a\u015f\u0131lar sayesinde ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemi s\u00f6z konusu mikrobu \u00f6nceden tan\u0131yor ve savunma mekanizmas\u0131 geli\u015ftiriyor.<\/p>\n
Bu sayede ki\u015fi ilerleyen d\u00f6nemde ayn\u0131 mikropla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemi daha h\u0131zl\u0131 ve etkili \u015fekilde harekete ge\u00e7iyor. B\u00f6ylece hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 \u00f6nlenebiliyor ya da daha hafif seyretmesi sa\u011flanabiliyor.<\/p>\n
Memorial Ankara Hastanesi \u00c7ocuk Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Hastal\u0131klar\u0131 B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc\u2019nden Uzman Doktor Meltem G\u00fcne\u015f Aslan, 1-31 A\u011fustos Ulusal A\u015f\u0131 Fark\u0131ndal\u0131k Ay\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda \u00e7ocukluk \u00e7a\u011f\u0131 a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemi, a\u015f\u0131lama takvimi ve ailelerin dikkat etmesi gereken konular hakk\u0131nda bilgi verdi.<\/p>\n
Bebekler enfeksiyonlara kar\u015f\u0131 daha savunmas\u0131z<\/strong><\/p>\n Bebeklik ve \u00e7ocukluk d\u00f6neminde a\u015f\u0131lama, hen\u00fcz tam olarak geli\u015fmemi\u015f ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sisteminin desteklenmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yor. Yenido\u011fan bebeklere anneden plasenta yoluyla ge\u00e7en koruyucu antikorlar\u0131n ya\u015fam\u0131n ilk aylar\u0131nda giderek azalmas\u0131, bebekleri enfeksiyonlara kar\u015f\u0131 daha hassas hale getiriyor.<\/p>\n Do\u011fumdan sonraki ilk g\u00fcnlerde ve aylarda ba\u015flayan a\u015f\u0131lama programlar\u0131, bebek ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl olabilecek ya da kal\u0131c\u0131 hasara yol a\u00e7abilecek bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131klardan korunmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 oluyor.<\/p>\n A\u015f\u0131lama toplum sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da koruyor<\/strong><\/p>\n A\u015f\u0131lar yaln\u0131zca a\u015f\u0131lanan \u00e7ocu\u011fu de\u011fil, toplumun di\u011fer bireylerini de koruyabiliyor. Toplumun b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn belirli bir enfeksiyona kar\u015f\u0131 a\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131, hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n yay\u0131lma zincirinin k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na katk\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n \u201cS\u00fcr\u00fc ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u201d olarak tan\u0131mlanan bu durum sayesinde hen\u00fcz a\u015f\u0131 program\u0131 tamamlanmam\u0131\u015f k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bebekler ile kanser hastalar\u0131 gibi ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemi bask\u0131lanm\u0131\u015f ki\u015filer de enfeksiyonlara kar\u015f\u0131 dolayl\u0131 koruma elde edebiliyor.<\/p>\n Ulusal a\u015f\u0131 takviminde hangi a\u015f\u0131lar bulunuyor?<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00c7ocukluk d\u00f6nemi ulusal a\u015f\u0131 takviminde difteri, bo\u011fmaca, tetanoz, \u00e7ocuk felci, t\u00fcberk\u00fcloz, k\u0131zam\u0131k, k\u0131zam\u0131k\u00e7\u0131k, kabakulak, su\u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi, Hepatit A, Hepatit B, Hemofilus influenza tip b ve Streptococcus pneumonia etkenine kar\u015f\u0131 uygulanan a\u015f\u0131lar bulunuyor.<\/p>\n Bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra influenza yani grip, rotavir\u00fcs, meningokok, Respiratuvar Sinsityal Vir\u00fcs (RSV) ve \u0130nsan Papilloma Vir\u00fcs\u00fc (HPV) a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131 da doktor \u00f6nerisi do\u011frultusunda farkl\u0131 ya\u015f gruplar\u0131nda uygulanabiliyor.<\/p>\n A\u015f\u0131lama do\u011fumdan hemen sonra ba\u015fl\u0131yor<\/strong><\/p>\n Bebeklerde a\u015f\u0131lama s\u00fcreci do\u011fumdan hemen sonra uygulanan Hepatit B a\u015f\u0131s\u0131 ile ba\u015fl\u0131yor. Ya\u015fam\u0131n ilk 1-2 y\u0131l\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde temel koruma serisinin \u00f6nemli b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc tamamlan\u0131rken, ilerleyen ya\u015flarda uygulanan peki\u015ftirme dozlar\u0131yla ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n Premat\u00fcre bebeklerde de a\u015f\u0131laman\u0131n yak\u0131ndan takip edilmesi gerekiyor. A\u015f\u0131lar, gebelik haftas\u0131ndan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak bebe\u011fin takvim ya\u015f\u0131na g\u00f6re tam doz ve uygun aral\u0131klarla uygulan\u0131yor. Hepatit B a\u015f\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ilk dozunun zamanlamas\u0131nda ise bebe\u011fin v\u00fccut a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 dikkate al\u0131nabiliyor.<\/p>\n A\u015f\u0131 takibinde ailelerin rol\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck<\/strong><\/p>\n Ailelerin \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 zaman\u0131nda yapt\u0131rmas\u0131 ve a\u015f\u0131 takvimini d\u00fczenli bi\u00e7imde takip etmesi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yor. D\u00fczenli hekim kontrollerinde \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n a\u015f\u0131 durumlar\u0131 da de\u011ferlendirilerek eksik dozlar kontrol ediliyor.<\/p>\n Herhangi bir nedenle a\u015f\u0131lama takviminde gecikme ya\u015fanmas\u0131, a\u015f\u0131lama s\u00fcrecinin tamamen kaybedildi\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmiyor. Ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lan a\u015f\u0131lar, doktor taraf\u0131ndan haz\u0131rlanan uygun bir takvimle tamamlanabiliyor.<\/p>\n Yan etkiler \u00e7o\u011funlukla hafif ve ge\u00e7ici<\/strong><\/p>\n A\u015f\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131ndan sonra \u00e7o\u011fu ki\u015fide \u00f6nemli bir yan etki g\u00f6r\u00fclmezken baz\u0131 \u00e7ocuklarda ge\u00e7ici ve hafif reaksiyonlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabiliyor. A\u015f\u0131n\u0131n uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6lgede k\u0131zar\u0131kl\u0131k ve \u015fi\u015flik, hafif ate\u015f, ba\u015f a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131, kas a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 ve d\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fc en s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclebilen belirtiler aras\u0131nda bulunuyor.<\/p>\n Nadiren alerjik reaksiyonlar gibi daha ciddi yan etkiler g\u00f6r\u00fclebilse de a\u015f\u0131lar ruhsatland\u0131r\u0131lmadan \u00f6nce etkinlik ve g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kapsaml\u0131 klinik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalardan ge\u00e7iriliyor. \u00dcretim ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m s\u00fcre\u00e7leri de s\u0131k\u0131 kontroller alt\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kullan\u0131lan a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc (DS\u00d6), Avrupa \u0130la\u00e7 Ajans\u0131 (EMA), Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri G\u0131da ve \u0130la\u00e7 Dairesi (FDA) veya Sa\u011fl\u0131k Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 T\u00fcrkiye \u0130la\u00e7 ve T\u0131bbi Cihaz Kurumu (T\u0130TCK) gibi yetkili kurumlar\u0131n de\u011ferlendirme ve ruhsatland\u0131rma s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinden ge\u00e7ti\u011fi belirtiliyor.<\/p>\n Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar a\u015f\u0131lar ile otizm aras\u0131nda ili\u015fki olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor<\/strong><\/p>\n A\u015f\u0131larla ilgili toplumda zaman zaman yanl\u0131\u015f bilgiler g\u00fcndeme gelebiliyor. Bunlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n otizm spektrum bozuklu\u011funa neden oldu\u011fu iddias\u0131 geliyor.<\/p>\n Bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar, a\u015f\u0131lar ile otizm aras\u0131nda nedensel bir ili\u015fki bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyuyor. A\u015f\u0131lama sonras\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclebilen hafif ate\u015f ve k\u0131rg\u0131nl\u0131k gibi belirtilerin ise hastal\u0131k geli\u015fti\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmedi\u011fi, ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sisteminin a\u015f\u0131ya verdi\u011fi do\u011fal yan\u0131t\u0131n sonucu oldu\u011fu ifade ediliyor.<\/p>\n A\u015f\u0131lar \u00e7ocuk ve toplum sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yor<\/strong><\/p>\n Uzmanlar, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczenli olarak yapt\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve a\u015f\u0131 takviminin sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131yla i\u015f birli\u011fi i\u00e7inde takip edilmesini \u00f6neriyor. Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131klama programlar\u0131, bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 veya tamamen ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131nda en etkili ve ekonomik halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131ndan biri olarak kabul ediliyor.<\/p>\n D\u00fczenli a\u015f\u0131lama sayesinde \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n ciddi enfeksiyonlardan, kal\u0131c\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131ndan ve hastal\u0131klara ba\u011fl\u0131 ya\u015fam kay\u0131plar\u0131ndan korunmas\u0131na \u00f6nemli katk\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" \u00c7ocukluk d\u00f6neminde uygulanan a\u015f\u0131lar, ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemini ciddi enfeksiyonlara kar\u015f\u0131 haz\u0131rlayarak \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl hastal\u0131klar\u0131n ve kal\u0131c\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesinde \u00f6nemli rol oynuyor. Uzmanlar, a\u015f\u0131 takviminin zaman\u0131nda ve d\u00fczenli takip edilmesinin hem \u00e7ocuk hem de toplum sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":44330,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[12637,14424,14425,2917,1627],"class_list":["post-44324","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-saglik","tag-asi","tag-asilama","tag-asitakvimi","tag-bagisiklik","tag-cocuksagligi"],"yoast_head":"\n