Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri\u2019nde (ABD) Y\u00fcksek Mahkeme, Ba\u015fkan Donald Trump\u2019\u0131n do\u011fumla vatanda\u015fl\u0131k hakk\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlamaya y\u00f6nelik kararname giri\u015fimini reddetti.<\/p>\n
Mahkeme, ABD Anayasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 14. maddesinde yer alan vatanda\u015fl\u0131k h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn, \u00fclkede do\u011fan ki\u015filere do\u011fumla vatanda\u015fl\u0131k hakk\u0131 tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek mevcut uygulaman\u0131n devam\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde karar verdi.<\/p>\n
Kararda, ABD\u2019de do\u011fan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn, ebeveynlerinin g\u00f6\u00e7menlik stat\u00fcs\u00fcnden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak vatanda\u015fl\u0131k hakk\u0131na sahip oldu\u011fu vurguland\u0131. Ba\u015fyarg\u0131\u00e7 John Roberts\u2019\u0131n \u00e7o\u011funluk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde, anayasal d\u00fczenlemenin ABD topraklar\u0131nda do\u011fan hemen hemen t\u00fcm \u00e7ocuklara otomatik vatanda\u015fl\u0131k hakk\u0131 tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifade edildi.<\/p>\n
Donald Trump\u2019\u0131n ikinci ba\u015fkanl\u0131k d\u00f6neminin ilk g\u00fcn\u00fcnde yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kararname, \u00fclkeye yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 yollarla giren ya da ge\u00e7ici vizeyle ABD\u2019de bulunan ki\u015filerin \u00fclkede do\u011fan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n otomatik olarak vatanda\u015fl\u0131k kazanmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemeyi ama\u00e7l\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n
S\u00f6z konusu kararname, daha \u00f6nce alt mahkemeler taraf\u0131ndan da anayasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 bulunmu\u015f ve bu nedenle y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girmemi\u015fti. Y\u00fcksek Mahkeme\u2019nin son karar\u0131yla birlikte do\u011fumla vatanda\u015fl\u0131k hakk\u0131na ili\u015fkin mevcut anayasal yorum yeniden teyit edilmi\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n
Y\u00fcksek Mahkeme\u2019nin do\u011fumla vatanda\u015fl\u0131k hakk\u0131n\u0131 koruyan karar\u0131, 9 \u00fcyeli mahkemede 6\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 3 oyla al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Karar, Trump y\u00f6netiminin g\u00f6\u00e7 politikalar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli bir geri ad\u0131m olarak yorumland\u0131. Mahkeme \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu, ba\u015fkanl\u0131k kararnamesinin Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 14. maddesindeki vatanda\u015fl\u0131k h\u00fckm\u00fcyle ba\u011fda\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonucuna vard\u0131.<\/p>\n
ABD Anayasas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u0130\u00e7 Sava\u015f sonras\u0131nda kabul edilen 14. maddesi, \u201cABD\u2019de do\u011fan veya vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011fa kabul edilen ve yarg\u0131 yetkisine tabi olan t\u00fcm ki\u015filerin ABD vatanda\u015f\u0131\u201d oldu\u011funu d\u00fczenliyor. Trump ise bu h\u00fckm\u00fcn geni\u015f yorumlanmas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karak, s\u00f6z konusu maddenin tarihsel olarak eski k\u00f6lelerin vatanda\u015fl\u0131k hakk\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almak i\u00e7in getirildi\u011fini savunuyordu.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fkan Donald Trump, Y\u00fcksek Mahkeme karar\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan sosyal medya hesab\u0131ndan yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada karara tepki g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n
Trump, mahkeme karar\u0131n\u0131 \u201ctalihsiz bir durum\u201d olarak nitelendirirken, do\u011fumla vatanda\u015fl\u0131k uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n Kongre taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lacak bir yasayla de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilece\u011fini savundu.<\/p>\n
Trump a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131nda, uzun ve zorlu bir anayasa de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi s\u00fcrecine gerek olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrerek, Kongre\u2019nin bu konuda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ba\u015flatmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini belirtti.<\/p>\n
Trump, do\u011fumla vatanda\u015fl\u0131k uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n ABD i\u00e7in \u201cmaliyetli ve adaletsiz\u201d oldu\u011funu savunarak, Kongre\u2019de bu y\u00f6nde at\u0131lacak ad\u0131mlara tam destek verece\u011fini ifade etti.<\/p>\n
Y\u00fcksek Mahkeme\u2019nin karar\u0131, ABD\u2019de uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r tart\u0131\u015fma konusu olan do\u011fumla vatanda\u015fl\u0131k meselesini yeniden \u00fclke g\u00fcndeminin merkezine ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131.<\/p>\n
Do\u011fumla vatanda\u015fl\u0131k uygulamas\u0131, ABD topraklar\u0131nda do\u011fan ki\u015filerin vatanda\u015fl\u0131k hakk\u0131 kazanmas\u0131n\u0131 esas al\u0131yor. Bu uygulama, \u00f6zellikle g\u00f6\u00e7menlik politikalar\u0131, s\u0131n\u0131r g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, ge\u00e7ici vize sahipleri ve yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7 tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda siyasi g\u00fcndemde s\u0131k s\u0131k \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Trump ve destek\u00e7ileri, mevcut uygulaman\u0131n yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc te\u015fvik etti\u011fini savunurken; uygulamay\u0131 destekleyenler, do\u011fumla vatanda\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n anayasal g\u00fcvence alt\u0131nda oldu\u011funu ve de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesinin ba\u015fkanl\u0131k kararnamesiyle m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor.<\/p>\n
ABD Y\u00fcksek Mahkemesi ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn verdi\u011fi bir ba\u015fka \u00f6nemli kararda, trans k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131n k\u0131z\/kad\u0131n spor tak\u0131mlar\u0131nda yer almas\u0131n\u0131 yasaklayan baz\u0131 eyalet yasalar\u0131n\u0131 da onaylad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Mahkeme, Idaho ve Bat\u0131 Virginia eyaletlerinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren yasalar\u0131n Anayasa\u2019ya ve e\u011fitimde cinsiyet temelli ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yasaklayan federal d\u00fczenleme olan Title IX\u2019a ayk\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na h\u00fckmetti. Karar, 6\u2019ya kar\u015f\u0131 3 oyla al\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Trans sporculara ili\u015fkin kararda, eyaletlerin okul sporlar\u0131nda kat\u0131l\u0131m kriterlerini belirleme konusunda geni\u015f takdir yetkisine sahip oldu\u011fu de\u011ferlendirmesi \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u00c7o\u011funluk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde, kad\u0131n sporlar\u0131nda rekabet dengesi ve g\u00fcvenlik gerek\u00e7eleriyle eyaletlerin biyolojik cinsiyete dayal\u0131 d\u00fczenleme yapabilece\u011fi belirtildi. Karar, benzer yasalar\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte oldu\u011fu \u00e7ok say\u0131da eyalet a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan emsal niteli\u011finde de\u011ferlendiriliyor.<\/p>\n
Karara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kan yarg\u0131\u00e7lar ise trans \u00f6\u011frencilerin d\u0131\u015flanmas\u0131n\u0131n e\u015fitlik ilkesine zarar verdi\u011fini ve bireysel haklar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ciddi sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furabilece\u011fini savundu.<\/p>\n
Y\u00fcksek Mahkeme\u2019nin do\u011fumla vatanda\u015fl\u0131k ve trans sporculara ili\u015fkin kararlar\u0131, ABD\u2019de hem hukuk hem de siyaset \u00e7evrelerinde geni\u015f yank\u0131 uyand\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Do\u011fumla vatanda\u015fl\u0131k karar\u0131nda Trump y\u00f6netiminin anayasal s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 zorlayan g\u00f6\u00e7 politikas\u0131 reddedilirken, trans sporculara ili\u015fkin kararda muhafazakar eyaletlerin d\u00fczenleme yetkisini g\u00fc\u00e7lendiren bir \u00e7izgi benimsendi.<\/p>\n
Bu nedenle iki karar, ABD Y\u00fcksek Mahkemesi\u2019nin ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde hem Trump\u2019\u0131n g\u00f6\u00e7 politikalar\u0131na s\u0131n\u0131r \u00e7izen hem de k\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve toplumsal tart\u0131\u015fmalarda muhafazakar eyaletlerin pozisyonunu destekleyen kararlar ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u015feklinde yorumland\u0131.<\/p>\n
Do\u011fumla vatanda\u015fl\u0131k karar\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan ABD\u2019de mevcut uygulama devam edecek. Buna g\u00f6re ABD topraklar\u0131nda do\u011fan \u00e7ocuklar, Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 14. maddesi kapsam\u0131nda vatanda\u015fl\u0131k hakk\u0131ndan yararlanmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrecek.<\/p>\n
Trans sporculara ili\u015fkin karar ise eyaletlerin bu alanda kendi d\u00fczenlemelerini yapmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00fc\u00e7lendirdi. Karar\u0131n, benzer yasalar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu eyaletlerde uygulanacak politikalar\u0131 ve yeni yasal d\u00fczenleme giri\u015fimlerini etkilemesi bekleniyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
ABD Y\u00fcksek Mahkemesi, Ba\u015fkan Donald Trump\u2019\u0131n do\u011fumla kazan\u0131lan vatanda\u015fl\u0131k hakk\u0131na s\u0131n\u0131rlama getirmeyi ama\u00e7layan ba\u015fkanl\u0131k kararnamesini reddetti. Mahkeme, Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri\u2019nde do\u011fan \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne vatanda\u015fl\u0131k hakk\u0131 tan\u0131yan uygulaman\u0131n Anayasa\u2019n\u0131n 14. maddesiyle g\u00fcvence alt\u0131nda oldu\u011funa h\u00fckmetti. Ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn verilen bir ba\u015fka kararda ise trans k\u0131z \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 ve kad\u0131nlar\u0131n k\u0131z\/kad\u0131n spor tak\u0131mlar\u0131nda yer almas\u0131n\u0131 engelleyen eyalet yasalar\u0131 onayland\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":34917,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[575,12013,2946,12014,12012],"class_list":["post-34916","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dunya","tag-abd","tag-dogumlavatandaslik","tag-donaldtrump","tag-transsporcular","tag-yuksekmahkeme"],"yoast_head":"\n