Zoonotik hastal\u0131klar olarak bilinen ve genellikle fare, yarasa, ku\u015f, inek ve koyun gibi hayvanlarda g\u00f6r\u00fclen bu hastal\u0131klar, baz\u0131 durumlarda insanlara da bula\u015farak geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 salg\u0131lara yol a\u00e7abiliyor.<\/p>\n
Son d\u00f6nemlerde Ebola, Hantavir\u00fcs, Kovid-19, M \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi (mpox), Nipah gibi hastal\u0131klar\u0131n yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 salg\u0131nlar\u0131n b\u00f6lgesel ve k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte yay\u0131l\u0131m g\u00f6stermesi yaln\u0131zca sa\u011fl\u0131k sistemleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan de\u011fil, ekonomik ve toplumsal ya\u015fam ile uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkilerde de \u00e7ok boyutlu sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furuyor.<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnya Sa\u011fl\u0131k \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fcne (DS\u00d6) g\u00f6re, bilinen 200’den fazla zoonotik hastal\u0131k bulunuyor ve kuduz gibi baz\u0131 zoonotik hastal\u0131klar a\u015f\u0131lama vb. y\u00f6ntemlerle tamamen \u00f6nlenebiliyor.<\/p>\n
1970’ten bu yana 1500’den fazla patojenin (enfeksiyona ve hastal\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7an her t\u00fcrl\u00fc mikroskobik canl\u0131 veya etken) ke\u015ffedildi\u011fi, bunlar\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 70’inin hayvan kaynakl\u0131 oldu\u011fu biliniyor.<\/p>\n
Bu hastal\u0131klar\u0131n hepsi halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck risk olu\u015fturmasa da yak\u0131n zamanda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan Kovid-19, Ebola veya 35 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde yakla\u015f\u0131k 70 milyon ki\u015fiyi enfekte eden HIV gibi baz\u0131 t\u00fcrler k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
DS\u00d6 Ba\u015fbilim \u0130nsan\u0131 Dr. Sylvie Briand, AA muhabirine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada, insanlar\u0131n ya\u015fam tarz\u0131 ve hareket \u015fekillerindeki de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin zoonotik hastal\u0131k riskini art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret etti.<\/p>\n
Bu hastal\u0131klar\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n ilk nedeninin, insan ve hayvan aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkinin de\u011fi\u015fmesi oldu\u011funu belirten Briand, arazi kullan\u0131m\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fiklikler ve ormans\u0131zla\u015fma gibi geli\u015fmelerin insanlar ile hayvanlar\u0131n temas \u015fekillerini de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fini s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n
Briand, bu hastal\u0131klar\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n arkas\u0131ndaki ikinci fakt\u00f6r\u00fcn ise insan hareketlili\u011fi oldu\u011funa dikkati \u00e7ekerek \u00f6zellikle hava yollar\u0131ndaki geli\u015fmeler sayesinde insanlar\u0131n daha h\u0131zl\u0131 hareket edebildi\u011fini ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n farkl\u0131 yerleri aras\u0131nda daha fazla ba\u011flant\u0131 oldu\u011funu vurgulad\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u0130nsanlar hareket etti\u011finde vir\u00fcslerin yay\u0131lma kapasitesinin de artt\u0131\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret eden Briand, \u015funlar\u0131 kaydetti:<\/p>\n
“\u00d6rne\u011fin, yak\u0131n zamanda yolcu gemisinde g\u00f6r\u00fclen Hantavir\u00fcs salg\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n nedeni turizm. \u0130nsanlar, G\u00fcney Amerika’da, enfekte kemirgenlerin bulundu\u011fu baz\u0131 yerlere turistik ama\u00e7l\u0131 gidiyor. Kendi \u00fclkelerinde kalsalard\u0131 enfekte olmazlard\u0131 ancak oraya gittiler, ku\u015flar\u0131 g\u00f6zlemlediler ve do\u011fayla daha fazla temas ettiler. Sonu\u00e7 olarak hastal\u0131\u011fa yakaland\u0131lar ve ard\u0131ndan onu kendi \u00fclkelerine geri ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131lar.”<\/p>\n
Briand, g\u0131da t\u00fcketimi ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k ile tar\u0131m modellerinin de\u011fi\u015fmesinin de yeni hastal\u0131klar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kma riskini art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret ederek bu durumu ku\u015f gribi \u00fczerinden \u00f6rneklendirdi.<\/p>\n
Sorunun k\u00fcmes hayvanlar\u0131n\u0131n yeti\u015ftirilme \u015fekli oldu\u011funu anlatan Briand, “Yo\u011fun hayvan s\u00fcr\u00fcleri oldu\u011funda vir\u00fcslerin yay\u0131lmas\u0131 kolayla\u015f\u0131yor.” dedi.<\/p>\n
Briand, zoonotik vir\u00fcslerin hayvanlara uyum sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f vir\u00fcsler oldu\u011funu ve insanlara bula\u015fmas\u0131 halinde ya insan\u0131n \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne yol a\u00e7abilece\u011fini ya da insan pop\u00fclasyonuna uyum sa\u011flayarak daha az \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl hale gelebilece\u011fini s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n
Dr. Sylvie Briand, “Kovid-19 s\u0131ras\u0131nda, ilk vakalar veya ilk varyant \u00e7ok \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcld\u00fc. Bu y\u00fczden bir\u00e7ok insan hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti ancak zamanla vir\u00fcs insandan insana bula\u015ft\u0131 ve evrimle\u015ferek daha az \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl ancak daha bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hale geldi. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u015fu anda Kovid-19 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n t\u00fcm \u00fclkelerinde var ancak 2020’deki haline g\u00f6re daha az \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl bir formda.” de\u011ferlendirmesinde bulundu.<\/p>\n
Zoonotik hastal\u0131klar\u0131 k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte \u00f6nemli bir risk olarak tan\u0131mlayan Briand, bunun t\u0131pk\u0131 Kovid-19’da oldu\u011fu gibi ya\u015fl\u0131, obez veya ikincil hastal\u0131klar\u0131 olan ki\u015filer i\u00e7in tehlikeli olabilece\u011fine vurgu yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n
Briand, \u00e7evresel de\u011fi\u015fimlerin insan ile do\u011fa aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiyi d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrerek hastal\u0131klar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kma riskini art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti.<\/p>\n
\u0130nsanlar\u0131n daha \u00f6nce temas etmedi\u011fi hayvanlar, bitkiler ve vir\u00fcslerle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kalabildi\u011fini ifade eden Briand, bunun yeni salg\u0131nlar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na zemin haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirdi.<\/p>\n
\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin ise hastal\u0131klar\u0131n co\u011frafi da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fine dikkati \u00e7eken Briand, hava s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131yla sivrisineklerin daha \u00f6nce ya\u015fayamad\u0131klar\u0131 b\u00f6lgelere yay\u0131labildi\u011fini kaydetti.<\/p>\n
Dr. Sylvie Briand, dang hummas\u0131 ve s\u0131tma gibi sivrisinek kaynakl\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131n ge\u00e7mi\u015fte yaln\u0131zca tropikal b\u00f6lgelerde g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ancak art\u0131k Avrupa’n\u0131n g\u00fcneyi gibi b\u00f6lgelerde de vakalar\u0131n ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 aktard\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finin gelecekte baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgeleri yeni salg\u0131nlarla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya b\u0131rakabilece\u011fini belirten Briand, “\u0130klim de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi hastal\u0131klar\u0131n co\u011frafyas\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirecek. Daha \u00f6nce baz\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fclmedi\u011fi yerler, gelecekte salg\u0131nlara sahne olabilir.” ifadelerini kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n
Briand, h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin sa\u011fl\u0131k sistemlerine yat\u0131r\u0131m yapmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finin alt\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7izerek g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc sa\u011fl\u0131k altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n hastalar\u0131n daha iyi tedavi edilmesini sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00fcm oranlar\u0131n\u0131 azaltabilece\u011fi yorumunu yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n
H\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin ayr\u0131ca olas\u0131 salg\u0131nlara kar\u015f\u0131 haz\u0131rl\u0131k planlar\u0131 olu\u015fturmas\u0131, b\u00fct\u00e7e ay\u0131rmas\u0131 ve acil durumlar i\u00e7in lojistik kapasite geli\u015ftirmesi gerekti\u011fini kaydeden Briand, “Bir sonraki Kovid-19 ya da grip salg\u0131n\u0131na haz\u0131rlanmak istiyorsan\u0131z maske, oksijen ve te\u015fhis ara\u00e7lar\u0131 gibi imkanlara sahip olman\u0131z gerekiyor.” dedi.<\/p>\n
Bireyler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan al\u0131nacak \u00f6nlemlerin hastal\u0131\u011fa g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini dile getiren Briand, Ebola, maymun \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi, Kovid-19, sar\u0131 humma, kolera ve veba gibi hastal\u0131klarda farkl\u0131 korunma y\u00f6ntemlerinin uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131 ya\u015fam tarzlar\u0131, hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k ve tar\u0131m modellerindeki de\u011fi\u015fiklikler ile insan hareketlili\u011finin Ebola, Hantavir\u00fcs, Kovid-19 ve M \u00e7i\u00e7e\u011fi gibi omurgal\u0131 hayvanlardan insanlara ge\u00e7ebilen bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 hastal\u0131k riskini art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131na dikkati \u00e7ekiyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":30399,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[4448,3946],"class_list":["post-30398","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-saglik","tag-bilim","tag-dso"],"yoast_head":"\n