{"id":27454,"date":"2026-05-28T19:23:22","date_gmt":"2026-05-28T16:23:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.merceknet.com\/tr\/?p=27454"},"modified":"2026-05-28T19:23:22","modified_gmt":"2026-05-28T16:23:22","slug":"azerbaycanin-bagimsizlik-tarihinde-donum-noktasi-28-mayis-1918","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.merceknet.com\/tr\/2026\/05\/28\/azerbaycanin-bagimsizlik-tarihinde-donum-noktasi-28-mayis-1918\/","title":{"rendered":"Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k tarihinde d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131: 28 May\u0131s 1918"},"content":{"rendered":"

Azerbaycan\u2019da 28 May\u0131s 1918\u2019de ilan edilen cumhuriyetin y\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc kutlan\u0131rken, s\u00f6z konusu tarih \u00fclkenin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k tarihinde en \u00f6nemli d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktalar\u0131ndan biri olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Rus \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131yla Kafkasya\u2019da yeni siyasi dengelerin olu\u015ftu\u011fu s\u00fcre\u00e7te Azerbaycan halk\u0131, kendi gelece\u011fini belirleme iradesini ortaya koydu. Tiflis\u2019te bir araya gelen Azerbaycan Milli \u015euras\u0131, 28 May\u0131s 1918\u2019de ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilan etti.<\/p>\n

Azerbaycan Cumhuriyeti, Kafkasya ve T\u00fcrk d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda halk iradesine dayal\u0131 ilk cumhuriyet olarak tarihe ge\u00e7ti. Yeni kurulan devlet, yaln\u0131zca ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etmekle kalmad\u0131; k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede modern devlet yap\u0131lanmas\u0131n\u0131n temel kurumlar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturdu.<\/p>\n

Parlamento sistemi kurularak \u00e7ok partili siyasi d\u00fczene ge\u00e7i\u015f sa\u011fland\u0131. Hukuk, e\u011fitim, d\u0131\u015f politika ve ordu ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok alanda reform s\u00fcreci ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nemin en dikkat \u00e7eken ad\u0131mlar\u0131ndan biri de kad\u0131nlara se\u00e7me ve se\u00e7ilme hakk\u0131n\u0131n verilmesi oldu. B\u00f6ylece Azerbaycan, kad\u0131nlara siyasi hak tan\u0131yan ilk M\u00fcsl\u00fcman \u00fclke olarak kay\u0131tlara ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

H\u00fck\u00fcmet bir s\u00fcre Gence\u2019de \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131<\/h2>\n

Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n ilan edildi\u011fi d\u00f6nemde Bak\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn Ermeni ve Bol\u015fevik silahl\u0131 gruplar\u0131n\u0131n kontrol\u00fcnde bulunmas\u0131 nedeniyle Azerbaycan h\u00fck\u00fcmeti \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 bir s\u00fcre \u00fclkenin ikinci b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehri Gence\u2019de s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilk tan\u0131yan devlet Osmanl\u0131 oldu. \u0130ki \u00fclke aras\u0131nda 4 Haziran 1918\u2019de anla\u015fma imzaland\u0131. D\u00f6nemin Harbiye Naz\u0131r\u0131 Enver Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n talimat\u0131yla karde\u015fi Nuri Pa\u015fa komutas\u0131nda olu\u015fturulan birlik, Azerbaycan\u2019a destek amac\u0131yla g\u00f6nderildi.<\/p>\n

\u201cKafkas \u0130slam Ordusu\u201d ad\u0131 verilen birlikler, 15 Eyl\u00fcl 1918\u2019de Bak\u00fc\u2019y\u00fc i\u015fgalden kurtard\u0131. Bu geli\u015fmenin ard\u0131ndan Azerbaycan h\u00fck\u00fcmeti faaliyetlerini yeniden Bak\u00fc\u2019de y\u00fcr\u00fctmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Kafkas \u0130slam Ordusu, Bak\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn kurtulu\u015fu i\u00e7in y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalarda 1130 \u015fehit verdi.<\/p>\n

K\u0131sa s\u00fcrede \u00f6nemli reformlar yap\u0131ld\u0131<\/h2>\n

Cumhuriyet d\u00f6neminde ekonomi, e\u011fitim, din ve vicdan \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc alanlar\u0131nda \u00f6nemli d\u00fczenlemeler hayata ge\u00e7irildi. Irk, din, mezhep ve cinsiyet ayr\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n t\u00fcm vatanda\u015flara e\u015fit haklar tan\u0131nd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te milli para birimi ve posta pullar\u0131 dola\u015f\u0131ma sokuldu. Devlet Bankas\u0131 ile Bak\u00fc Devlet \u00dcniversitesi kuruldu. D\u0131\u015f tehditlere kar\u015f\u0131 savunma kapasitesini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek amac\u0131yla 26 Haziran\u2019da Azerbaycan ordusu olu\u015fturuldu. Ordunun te\u015fkilatlanmas\u0131nda Osmanl\u0131 subaylar\u0131 etkin g\u00f6rev \u00fcstlendi.<\/p>\n

H\u00fck\u00fcmetin 27 Haziran 1918 tarihli karar\u0131yla T\u00fcrk dili devlet dili ilan edildi. Daha \u00f6nce a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olarak Rus\u00e7a e\u011fitim verilen ortaokullarda T\u00fcrk\u00e7e e\u011fitim zorunlu hale getirildi.<\/p>\n

120 sandalyeden olu\u015fan parlamento ise 7 Aral\u0131k 1918\u2019de \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131na ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00dclkedeki siyasi partiler ve farkl\u0131 etnik topluluklar\u0131n temsil edildi\u011fi parlamento, faaliyet g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi 17 ayl\u0131k d\u00f6nemde 230 yasa tasar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kabul etti.<\/p>\n

Cumhuriyetin \u00f6mr\u00fc 23 ay s\u00fcrd\u00fc<\/h2>\n

Azerbaycan Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin \u00f6mr\u00fc 23 ay s\u00fcrd\u00fc. 28 Nisan 1920\u2019de K\u0131z\u0131l Ordu\u2019nun Bak\u00fc\u2019ye girmesiyle Sovyet i\u015fgali ba\u015flad\u0131 ve cumhuriyetin faaliyetleri sona erdi.<\/p>\n

Buna ra\u011fmen k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen reformlar, Azerbaycan halk\u0131n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesini g\u00fc\u00e7lendirdi ve \u00fclkenin siyasi haf\u0131zas\u0131nda kal\u0131c\u0131 bir yer edindi.<\/p>\n

Sovyet i\u015fgalinin ard\u0131ndan h\u00fck\u00fcmet \u00fcyeleri ve \u00e7ok say\u0131da ayd\u0131n \u00fclkeyi terk etmek zorunda kald\u0131. Ancak ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k m\u00fccadelesini savunmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fcler.<\/p>\n

Azerbaycan\u2019\u0131n kurucusu kabul edilen Mehmet Emin Resulzade\u2019nin \u201cBir kere y\u00fckselen bayrak bir daha inmez\u201d s\u00f6z\u00fc ise y\u0131llar i\u00e7inde t\u00fcm Azerbaycanl\u0131lar\u0131n benimsedi\u011fi bir slogana d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Sovyetler Birli\u011fi\u2019nin da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Azerbaycan yeniden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etti. Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k bildirgesinde, 1918-1920 y\u0131llar\u0131nda faaliyet g\u00f6steren Azerbaycan Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin miras\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 olundu\u011fu vurguland\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Azerbaycan\u2019da 28 May\u0131s 1918\u2019de ilan edilen cumhuriyetin y\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc kutlan\u0131rken, bu tarih \u00fclkenin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k m\u00fccadelesinin en \u00f6nemli sembollerinden biri olarak de\u011ferlendiriliyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":27456,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13,3483],"tags":[9260,1476,9261,8158,9264,9263,9262,6184],"class_list":["post-27454","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analiz","category-4-bolge","tag-28mayis1918","tag-azerbaycan","tag-bagimsizlik","tag-baku","tag-gence","tag-kafkasislamordusu","tag-mehmeteminresulzade","tag-osmanli"],"yoast_head":"\nAzerbaycan\u2019\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k tarihinde d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131: 28 May\u0131s 1918 - Merceknet Haber<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, 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