Beykoz \u00dcniversitesi Rekt\u00f6r Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 ve Bonn \u00dcniversitesi CASSIS K\u0131demli Uzman\u0131 Prof. Dr. Aylin \u00dcnver Noi, AB\u2019nin normatif de\u011ferleri ile \u0130srail politikas\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fkiyi analiz i\u00e7in kaleme ald\u0131.<\/p>\n
***<\/p>\n
Avrupa Birli\u011fi Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (ABA) 3. maddesi Birli\u011fin uluslararas\u0131 ili\u015fkilerinde bar\u0131\u015f, insan haklar\u0131 ve uluslararas\u0131 hukuka ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k gibi de\u011ferleri te\u015fvik etmesini zorunlu k\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Avrupa Birli\u011fi (AB) ile \u0130srail aras\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte olan Ortakl\u0131k Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 2. maddesi de a\u00e7\u0131k bir ilkeye dayan\u0131r: taraflar aras\u0131ndaki ili\u015fkiler, insan haklar\u0131na ve demokratik de\u011ferlere sayg\u0131 temelinde \u015fekillenmelidir.<\/p>\n
Bu h\u00fck\u00fcmler, yaln\u0131zca hukuki bir \u00e7er\u00e7eve de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda AB\u2019nin kendisini tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 normatif kimli\u011fin de bir yans\u0131mas\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak son y\u0131llarda ya\u015fanan geli\u015fmeler, bu ilkenin uygulamadaki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ciddi bi\u00e7imde tart\u0131\u015fmaya a\u00e7maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
7 Ekim sonras\u0131nda ba\u015flayan ve uzun s\u00fcre devam eden Gazze sava\u015f\u0131 boyunca uluslararas\u0131 kamuoyu, sivillerin do\u011frudan hedef al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131, hastaneler ve sivil altyap\u0131n\u0131n vuruldu\u011fu, insani yard\u0131mlar\u0131n engellendi\u011fi bir tabloya tan\u0131kl\u0131k etti. Uluslararas\u0131 Adalet Divan\u0131 (UAD), \u0130srail\u2019in uluslararas\u0131 hukuk kapsam\u0131ndaki y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini ihlal etti\u011fine i\u015faret ederken, Uluslararas\u0131 Ceza Mahkemesi (UCM) 21 Kas\u0131m 2024 tarihinde \u0130srail Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Binyamin Netanyahu hakk\u0131nda, sivilleri hedef alan eylemler ve insani yard\u0131m\u0131 engelleme su\u00e7lamalar\u0131yla tutuklama emri \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131. [1]<\/p>\n
AB\u2019nin kendi kurumsal yap\u0131lar\u0131 da \u0130srail i\u00e7in benzer tespitlerde bulundu. Avrupa D\u0131\u015f \u0130li\u015fkiler Servisi\u2019nin 20 Haziran 2025 tarihli raporu, Gazze ve Bat\u0131 \u015eeria\u2019da insani yard\u0131m\u0131n engellenmesi, sivillere y\u00f6nelik ayr\u0131m g\u00f6zetmeyen sald\u0131r\u0131lar, sa\u011fl\u0131k tesislerinin sistemik olarak hedef al\u0131nmas\u0131 ve zorla yerinden etme gibi ciddi ihlalleri ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bi\u00e7imde ortaya koydu. [2] T\u00fcm bu bulgular, hukuki ve kurumsal d\u00fczeyde kay\u0131t alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f durumdayken, AB\u2019nin bug\u00fcne kadar somut bir yapt\u0131r\u0131m ad\u0131m\u0131 atmamas\u0131 dikkat \u00e7ekici bir \u00e7eli\u015fki yaratt\u0131.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcm bunlar\u0131n ya\u015fand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve hukuki olarak da tescillendi\u011fi s\u00fcre\u00e7 sonras\u0131 \u0130srail\u2019in her ne kadar ate\u015fkes ile h\u0131z\u0131 kesilmi\u015f olsa da sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 durmad\u0131. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar yaln\u0131zca Gazze ile s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmad\u0131. \u0130srail\/ABD ve \u0130ran Sava\u015f\u0131 ile \u0130srail\u2019in askeri operasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n L\u00fcbnan\u2019a da yay\u0131lmas\u0131yla birlikte sivil kay\u0131plar ve zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7 vakalar\u0131 art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6sterdi. B\u00f6ylece insan haklar\u0131 ihlallerine ili\u015fkin tart\u0131\u015fmalar b\u00f6lgesel bir boyut kazand\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ya\u015fananlar kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda baz\u0131 AB \u00fcyesi \u00fclkeler \u2013 \u0130spanya, Slovenya ve \u0130rlanda \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde \u2013 AB-\u0130srail Ortakl\u0131k Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n ask\u0131ya al\u0131nmas\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131nda bulundu. 1995 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte olan bu anla\u015fma, taraflar aras\u0131nda ticareti art\u0131rmay\u0131, siyasi diyalo\u011fu g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmeyi ve bilimsel-teknolojik i\u015fbirli\u011fini te\u015fvik etmeyi ama\u00e7l\u0131yor. Ancak anla\u015fman\u0131n temelini olu\u015fturan insan haklar\u0131 \u015fart\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fine dair g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc iddialar varken, bu mekanizman\u0131n i\u015fletilmemesi ele\u015ftirilerin oda\u011f\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
\u00d6te yandan ekonomik ili\u015fkiler ve \u00e7\u0131karlar, AB\u2019nin tutumunu belirleyen \u00f6nemli bir fakt\u00f6r olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. AB, \u0130srail\u2019in en b\u00fcy\u00fck ticaret orta\u011f\u0131 konumunda bulunuyor. 2024 y\u0131l\u0131nda taraflar aras\u0131ndaki ticaret hacmi 42,6 milyar avroya ula\u015ft\u0131. [3] Ayr\u0131ca \u0130srail\u2019in AB\u2019nin ara\u015ft\u0131rma ve inovasyon program\u0131 olan Ufuk Avrupa\u2019ya kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131, milyarlarca avroluk fonun \u0130srailli kurumlara aktar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Bu projeler aras\u0131nda savunma sekt\u00f6r\u00fcne yak\u0131n kurulu\u015flar\u0131n da yer almas\u0131, de\u011ferler \u00fczerindeki tart\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 daha da derinle\u015ftiriyor. [4]<\/p>\n
Baz\u0131 AB \u00fcye devletleri taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lan ortakl\u0131k anla\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n tamamen iptali i\u00e7in AB’nin 27 \u00fcye devletinin oy birli\u011fi gerekiyordu, ancak k\u0131smi ask\u0131ya almak i\u00e7in ise AB n\u00fcfusunun y\u00fczde 65’ini temsil eden 15 \u00fcye devletin a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu yeterliydi. Ancak Almanya veya \u0130talya’n\u0131n pozisyonlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmemesi neticesinde yeterli oya sahip olamayan AB bu konuda bir ad\u0131m atamad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7 olarak, AB, insan haklar\u0131, hukukun \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, az\u0131nl\u0131k haklar\u0131 ve demokrasi gibi norm, de\u011fer ve prensipleri hem kendi i\u00e7inde uygulayan hem de yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015fmalarla \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u00fclkelerde yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik eden \u2018normatif\u2019 ve \u2018etik\u2019 bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak tan\u0131mlansa da, \u0130srail meselesinde sergiledi\u011fi tutum nedeniyle \u2018de\u011ferler Avrupas\u0131\u2019 olarak uluslararas\u0131 alandaki g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fi sorgulanmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu a\u00e7\u0131dan \u0130srail\u2019e y\u00f6nelik eylemsizlik yaln\u0131zca siyasi bir tercih de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda AB\u2019nin kendi hukuki ve normatif \u00e7er\u00e7evesiyle \u00e7eli\u015fen bir durum olarak de\u011ferlendirilmektedir.<\/p>\n
\u0130nsan haklar\u0131 ve uluslararas\u0131 hukuk ilkelerinin evrensel mi yoksa se\u00e7ici mi uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorusu giderek daha y\u00fcksek sesle dile getiriliyor. AB de\u011ferler-\u00e7\u0131karlar ikilemi \u00fczerinden bir s\u0131nav veriyor. \u00dcstelik Birlik i\u00e7indeki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n belirginle\u015fmesi, bu tart\u0131\u015fman\u0131n yaln\u0131zca d\u0131\u015f politika de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda AB\u2019nin kendi i\u00e7 b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da kritik bir s\u0131nav haline geldi\u011fini g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n
[1] https:\/\/www.icc-cpi.int\/defendant\/netanyahu<\/p>\n
[2] European External Action Service, note of the Office of the EU Special Representative on Human Rights, 20 June 2025 https:\/\/euobserver.com\/eu-and-the-world\/ar0246a0da<\/p>\n
[3] https:\/\/policy.trade.ec.europa.eu\/eu-trade-relationships-country-and-region\/countries-and-regions\/israel_en<\/p>\n
[4] https:\/\/www.ftm.eu\/newsletters\/bureau-brussels-eu-funds-israel-defense-sector<\/p>\n
[Prof. Dr. Aylin \u00dcnver Noi, Beykoz \u00dcniversitesi Rekt\u00f6r Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 ve Bonn \u00dcniversitesi CASSIS K\u0131demli Uzman\u0131d\u0131r.]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Prof. Dr. Aylin \u00dcnver Noi, AB\u2019nin \u0130srail kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131ndaki tutumunun Birli\u011fin normatif kimli\u011fi ve insan haklar\u0131 s\u00f6ylemiyle \u00e7eli\u015fti\u011fini de\u011ferlendirdi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":23061,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[2478,7867,159,3140,1566,1946],"class_list":["post-23060","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analiz","tag-avrupabirligi","tag-aylinunvernoi","tag-gazze","tag-insanhaklari","tag-israil","tag-uluslararasihukuk"],"yoast_head":"\n