T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bir sekt\u00f6rden di\u011ferine ge\u00e7en \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n hareketini en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bi\u00e7imde a\u00e7\u0131klayan unsurun \u00fccretler de\u011fil, sekt\u00f6rler aras\u0131ndaki \u201cyap\u0131sal yak\u0131nl\u0131k\u201d oldu\u011fu belirlendi. Merkez Bankas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u201cInter-Industry Labor Reallocation in T\u00fcrkiye\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rma notunda, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n daha \u00e7ok benzer g\u00f6rev yap\u0131s\u0131na sahip ve birbirleriyle yo\u011fun ticari ili\u015fki kuran sekt\u00f6rler aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7i\u015f yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 tespit edildi. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmada, g\u00f6rev i\u00e7eri\u011fi birbirine uzak olan sekt\u00f6rler aras\u0131nda i\u015f\u00e7i hareketinin belirgin bi\u00e7imde zay\u0131flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 vurguland\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ara\u015ft\u0131rma, i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc ge\u00e7i\u015flerinin iki ana eksende \u015fekillendi\u011fini ortaya koyuyor: Birincisi sekt\u00f6rler aras\u0131ndaki beceri ve g\u00f6rev fark\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7en \u201cg\u00f6rev mesafesi\u201d, ikincisi ise sekt\u00f6rler aras\u0131ndaki girdi-\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ili\u015fkilerinin yo\u011funlu\u011funu ifade eden \u201ci\u015flem endeksi\u201d ya da ticari ba\u011flant\u0131 g\u00fcc\u00fc. Buna g\u00f6re g\u00f6revler ne kadar benzerse ve sekt\u00f6rler birbirleriyle ne kadar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ekonomik ili\u015fki i\u00e7indeyse, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ge\u00e7i\u015fleri de o kadar kolayla\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmada 2014-2023 d\u00f6nemine ait sekt\u00f6rler aras\u0131 i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc ak\u0131\u015flar\u0131 incelendi. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i hareketlerini \u00f6l\u00e7mek i\u00e7in Sosyal G\u00fcvenlik Kurumu\u2019nun i\u015fveren-\u00e7al\u0131\u015fan e\u015fle\u015ftirilmi\u015f idari verileri kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Sekt\u00f6rler aras\u0131ndaki ekonomik ili\u015fkileri g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in ise Gelir \u0130daresi Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n firma d\u00fczeyindeki yurt i\u00e7i ticari i\u015flem kay\u0131tlar\u0131ndan yararlan\u0131ld\u0131. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, tam zamanl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 esas alarak ayn\u0131 sekt\u00f6r i\u00e7i ge\u00e7i\u015fleri d\u0131\u015far\u0131da b\u0131rakt\u0131 ve toplam 74 bin 476 g\u00f6zlem \u00fczerinden analiz yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u00c7al\u0131\u015fmada i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc ak\u0131m\u0131, bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131n ayn\u0131 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde bir sekt\u00f6rden ayr\u0131l\u0131p ba\u015fka bir sekt\u00f6rde istihdam edilmesi \u00fczerinden tan\u0131mland\u0131. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de kay\u0131tl\u0131 istihdam\u0131n sekt\u00f6rler aras\u0131nda nas\u0131l yeniden da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bi\u00e7imde izleme imk\u00e2n\u0131 sundu.<\/p>\n
Ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n merkezindeki kavramlardan biri olan g\u00f6rev mesafesi, iki sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu i\u015flerin ve becerilerin birbirine ne kadar benzedi\u011fini \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcyor. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmada bu \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcm i\u00e7in O*NET verileri, faaliyet, beceri, yetenek ve i\u015f ba\u011flam\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131nda toplanan 22 bile\u015fene indirgenerek kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Daha sonra sekt\u00f6rlerin bu g\u00f6rev profilleri kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131 ve aralar\u0131ndaki uzakl\u0131k hesapland\u0131.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7lar a\u00e7\u0131k: G\u00f6rev mesafesi artt\u0131k\u00e7a i\u015f\u00e7i ge\u00e7i\u015fleri azal\u0131yor. Yani bir sekt\u00f6rde edinilmi\u015f bilgi ve deneyim, ba\u015fka bir sekt\u00f6rde kolay kullan\u0131lam\u0131yorsa, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n o sekt\u00f6re ge\u00e7mesi de zorla\u015f\u0131yor. Ara\u015ft\u0131rma, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc hareketlili\u011finin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki en \u00f6nemli s\u00fcrt\u00fcnmenin beceri ve g\u00f6rev uyumsuzlu\u011fu oldu\u011funu ortaya koyuyor.<\/p>\n
Ara\u015ft\u0131rmada ikinci temel g\u00f6sterge olarak \u201ctransaction index\u201d yani i\u015flem endeksi kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Bu endeks, iki sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn birbirine satt\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplam \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 \u00fczerinden hesaplan\u0131yor ve sekt\u00f6rler aras\u0131ndaki ekonomik yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcyor. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmaya g\u00f6re, ticari ili\u015fki a\u011f\u0131 kuvvetli olan sekt\u00f6rlerde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n birbirine ge\u00e7i\u015fi daha y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fiyor. Bunun arkas\u0131nda, sekt\u00f6rler aras\u0131 bilgi ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n, i\u015f ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ve benzer \u00fcretim zincirlerinin etkili oldu\u011fu de\u011ferlendiriliyor.<\/p>\n
Ara\u015ft\u0131rma metninde, \u00f6zellikle toptan ticaret, \u00e7e\u015fitli imalat kollar\u0131 ve in\u015faat gibi sekt\u00f6rlerin ticari a\u011f\u0131n merkezinde yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131; veterinerlik hizmetleri, kamu y\u00f6netimi ve uluslararas\u0131 kurulu\u015flar gibi alanlar\u0131n ise daha \u00e7evresel konumda bulundu\u011fu belirtiliyor. Bu yap\u0131, hangi sekt\u00f6rlerin daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ileti\u015fim ve ge\u00e7i\u015f potansiyeli ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n
\u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n en dikkat \u00e7ekici sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan biri, \u00fccret seviyelerinin sekt\u00f6rler aras\u0131 i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamada s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 kalmas\u0131 oldu. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, kaynak ve hedef sekt\u00f6rlerdeki ortalama kazan\u00e7lar\u0131 modele d\u00e2hil etti ancak bu de\u011fi\u015fkenlerin a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131c\u0131 g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn zay\u0131f oldu\u011fu sonucuna ula\u015ft\u0131. \u00d6zellikle hedef sekt\u00f6rdeki y\u00fcksek \u00fccretin i\u015f\u00e7i ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak yerine baz\u0131 modellerde azalt\u0131c\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, bunun da y\u00fcksek \u00fccretli sekt\u00f6rlerde giri\u015f bariyerlerinin daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olabilece\u011fine i\u015faret etti\u011fi ifade edildi.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015fka bir ifadeyle, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar yaln\u0131zca \u201cdaha y\u00fcksek maa\u015f\u201d g\u00f6rd\u00fckleri i\u00e7in sekt\u00f6r de\u011fi\u015ftirmiyor. Yeni sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn talep etti\u011fi becerilere ne kadar uyum sa\u011flayabildikleri ve o sekt\u00f6rle mevcut sekt\u00f6rleri aras\u0131nda nas\u0131l bir yap\u0131sal ba\u011f bulundu\u011fu daha belirleyici g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n
Ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya g\u00f6re, hedef sekt\u00f6rde i\u015f yarat\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131 o sekt\u00f6re y\u00f6nelen i\u015f\u00e7i ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fckseltiyor. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k kaynak sekt\u00f6rde i\u015f y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n o sekt\u00f6rden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131yor. B\u00f6ylece i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc hareketlili\u011finde hem \u201c\u00e7ekici\u201d hem de \u201citici\u201d etkilerin bulundu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n
Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k kaynak sekt\u00f6rdeki i\u015f yarat\u0131m\u0131 ya da hedef sekt\u00f6rdeki i\u015f y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131 gibi di\u011fer baz\u0131 performans g\u00f6stergeleri anlaml\u0131 sonu\u00e7 \u00fcretmiyor. Bu tablo da, sekt\u00f6rler aras\u0131 ge\u00e7i\u015fte genel performans verilerinden \u00e7ok, yap\u0131sal uyum ile belirli talep bask\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n etkili oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n
Regresyon sonu\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re hem kaynak hem de hedef sekt\u00f6rde toplam istihdam hacmi artt\u0131k\u00e7a sekt\u00f6rler aras\u0131 ge\u00e7i\u015flerin s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da art\u0131yor. Bu durum, b\u00fcy\u00fck sekt\u00f6rlerde e\u015fle\u015fme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n daha y\u00fcksek olmas\u0131 ve i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc arz-talep ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n daha yo\u011fun i\u015flemesiyle a\u00e7\u0131klan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, bunun i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc piyasas\u0131nda \u00f6l\u00e7ek etkisini g\u00f6sterdi\u011fini belirtiyor. Daha geni\u015f sekt\u00f6rler, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar i\u00e7in hem \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f hem giri\u015f kanallar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan daha canl\u0131 bir ge\u00e7i\u015f alan\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor.<\/p>\n
Ara\u015ft\u0131rmada T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin, y\u00fcksek kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, b\u00f6lgesel e\u015fitsizlikler ve gen\u00e7 i\u015fsizli\u011fi gibi yap\u0131sal sorunlar nedeniyle i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc hareketlili\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6zel bir \u00f6rnek sundu\u011fu vurgulan\u0131yor. Ekonomide \u00fcretim yap\u0131s\u0131 de\u011fi\u015firken, daralan alanlardan b\u00fcy\u00fcyen alanlara i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde kayd\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 verimlilik ve uzun vadeli b\u00fcy\u00fcme a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kritik g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n
Bu nedenle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, sadece akademik bir tespit sunmakla kalm\u0131yor; ayn\u0131 zamanda aktif i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc piyasas\u0131 politikalar\u0131 i\u00e7in de \u00e7er\u00e7eve \u00e7iziyor. \u00d6zellikle beceri farklar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu sekt\u00f6rlerde hedefli e\u011fitim, yeniden beceri kazand\u0131rma ve uyum programlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi belirtiliyor. Ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya g\u00f6re, politika tasar\u0131m\u0131nda yaln\u0131zca i\u015f\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131na de\u011fil, bu hareketlili\u011fi zorla\u015ft\u0131ran s\u00fcrt\u00fcnmelere de odaklan\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekiyor.<\/p>\n
Ara\u015ft\u0131rma, sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n farkl\u0131 tan\u0131mlar ve alternatif modellemeler alt\u0131nda da korundu\u011funu belirtiyor. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i ge\u00e7i\u015finin son 12 ay\u0131 kapsayacak bi\u00e7imde yeniden tan\u0131mlanmas\u0131, g\u00f6rev mesafesi ve i\u015flem endeksinin 2023 de\u011ferleriyle sabitlenmesi, daha geni\u015f sabit etkilerin eklenmesi, g\u00f6rev endeksinin farkl\u0131 veri kayna\u011f\u0131yla yeniden hesaplanmas\u0131 ve pandemi y\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015far\u0131da b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131 gibi testlerde temel bulgular\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fmedi\u011fi ifade ediliyor.<\/p>\n
Bu da, g\u00f6rev mesafesinin i\u015f\u00e7i ge\u00e7i\u015flerini a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ekti\u011fi, i\u015flem endeksinin ise art\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki ana sonucun istisnai bir model sonucundan ibaret olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n
Merkez Bankas\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de sekt\u00f6rler aras\u0131 i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc hareketlili\u011finin maa\u015f farklar\u0131ndan \u00e7ok beceri uyumu ve sekt\u00f6rler aras\u0131 ekonomik ba\u011flarla belirlendi\u011fini ortaya koyuyor. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i ge\u00e7i\u015flerinin artmas\u0131 i\u00e7in sadece yeni i\u015f alanlar\u0131 a\u00e7mak yetmiyor; \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n yeni sekt\u00f6rlere uyum sa\u011flayabilecek becerilerle donat\u0131lmas\u0131 da gerekiyor. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fman\u0131n verdi\u011fi en net mesaj \u015fu: T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc piyasas\u0131n\u0131n dayan\u0131kl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak isteyen politikalar, \u00fccret te\u015fviklerinin \u00f6tesine ge\u00e7ip yap\u0131sal uyumu g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmeye odaklanmal\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 31 Mart 2026 tarihli ara\u015ft\u0131rma notuna g\u00f6re, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n bir sekt\u00f6rden ba\u015fka bir sekt\u00f6re ge\u00e7i\u015finde \u00fccret fark\u0131ndan \u00e7ok, sekt\u00f6rler aras\u0131ndaki g\u00f6rev benzerli\u011fi ve ticari ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fc belirleyici oluyor. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc hareketlili\u011finin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki as\u0131l engelin beceri uyumsuzlu\u011fu oldu\u011funu ortaya koyarken, hedef sekt\u00f6rde i\u015f yarat\u0131m\u0131 ve kaynak sekt\u00f6rde i\u015f kayb\u0131n\u0131n da ge\u00e7i\u015fleri h\u0131zland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":15633,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[5911,5914,58,5912,5908,96,5909,5913,5907,5910],"class_list":["post-15629","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analiz","tag-beceri-uyumu","tag-calisma-hayati","tag-ekonomi","tag-gorev-mesafesi","tag-isgucu-piyasasi","tag-istihdam","tag-sektorler-arasi-gecis","tag-ticaret-endeksi","tag-turkiye-cumhuriyet-merkez-bankasi","tag-ucret"],"yoast_head":"\n